LL-37

LL-37 acts via disrupting the outer microbial membrane. LL-37 has reported activity against multiple Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens, including E. Coli, Methicillin-resistant, Staph aureus (MRSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), viruses, and fungal infections (including Candida sp.).

In addition to LL-37’s direct antimicrobial activity, it also exerts an “alarmin” activity, which works as a multifunctional innate immune effector that recruits and activates inflammatory cells, including dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes.

LL-37 has been reported to have additional indirect immune-defensive roles, including:

• Immunomodulatory activity, mediating innate and adaptive immune response and including inflammation
• Chemotactic functions
• Modulates type 1 IFN responses
• Modulates TLR pathways
• Stimulates mast cell degranulation
• Promotes antimicrobial functions of neutrophils
• Modulates cell survival and apoptosis
• Enhances stem cell immunomodulatory activity
• Increases angiogenesis. Binds and neutralizes LPS Significant activity against Lyme disease and co-infections and is synergistic with other peptides and antibiotics
• Promotes reepithelialization, increases wound closure and healing
• Inhibits biofilm production

• Antimicrobial peptide
• Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections, including MRSA
• Antiviral, including HIV
• Antifungal – effective vs. Candida
• Mold/biotoxins (CIRS or chronic inflammatory response syndrome)
• Chronic wound healing
• Chronic venous leg ulcers
• Polymicrobial infected wounds
• GI inflammatory Conditions – IBDs

• Cancers limited to colon cancer, gastric cancer, hematologic malignancy and oral squamous cell carcinoma. LL-37 is reported to induce tumorigenic effects in cancers of the ovary, lung, breast, prostate, pancreas, as well as in malignant melanoma and skin squamous cell carcinomas
• Pulmonary issues
• COPD
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

General Dosage:

Inject (200 mcg) SQ daily for 6-8 weeks.
Longer therapy may be necessary in some individuals.
As LL-37 is activated in the body by vitamin D, it is recommended to test patient’s 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, if < 50 ng/ml, recommend taking 5,000 IU (125mcg) vitamin D3 daily.

• LL-37 is reported safe in recommended dosages.
• Redness, pain and effusion may occur at site of injection
• Use LL-37 with caution in cancer and those prone to cancer.
• Depending on tumor biology, LL-37 may act either as a pro-tumorigenic or anti-cancer agent.
• Due to LL-37’s pro-inflammatory response in the innate immune system, LL-37 may propagate inflammatory signals, stimulate type I IFN production, and result in induction of autoimmune conditions.